There are many reasons for removing the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), but the most common cause is the presence of stones in the gallbladder. After surgery, the problem was solved: there was no gallbladder and no stones, but these patients had to diet for life.
Basic dietary rules after cholecystectomy
The goals of clinical nutrition after cholecystectomy are:
- Chemicals that maximize liver protection;
- Improve bile separation;
- Ensure normal function of the liver, biliary tract and the entire gastrointestinal tract.
According to the order of the Ministry of Health, the dietary nutrition after cholecystectomy in medical institutions corresponds to the main version of the Standard Diet (ATD). By category, the diet after gallbladder removal is treated in Table 5.
Although there are some limitations in Treatment Table 5, the diet should be physiologically balanced, i. e. , containing the required amounts of vitamins and minerals.
Daily Nutrition Facts:
- Protein - 85-90g, of which 45-50g is of animal origin;
- Fat - 70-80g, of which up to 25-30% is vegetable fat;
- Carbohydrates - 300-330g, simple sugars - no more than 30-40g.
The daily heat of the treatment table after cholecystectomy is 2170-2400 kcal.
basic principles of nutrition
- diet. Meals should be divided into smaller portions: up to 4-6 times per day. Although there is no gallbladder, the bile duct is preserved and must be emptied in time to avoid bile retention. In addition, small amounts of food do not tax the liver and other digestive organs, which helps avoid inflammation. It is especially important to eat at the same time: as a result, the work of the liver and bile ducts is normalized. Small amounts of food can prevent the development of obesity, which is very important.
- food processing. Food can be steamed, grilled or boiled. Microwave cooking should be avoided; multi-pots and double boilers are not prohibited. Occasionally, stewed food is allowed. For the first 45 days after surgery, when cutting, the product is crushed and rubbed. This type of food culinary processing maximizes liver and stomach protection and has beneficial effects on the entire digestive tract.
- food temperature. Dishes are only served warm (15-60 degrees Celsius). Hot and cold foods can cause bile duct spasms and irritate the stomach and duodenum.
- salt and liquid. The use of sodium chloride corresponds to physiological standards (8-10 grams per day). Salty foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and cause fluid stagnation and therefore bile in the body are excluded. Fluid intake should be 2 liters per day. 30 minutes before meals, it is recommended to drink 1 cup of alkaline mineral water without gas to stimulate bile flow.
- Alcohol. Alcohol must be given up (with very few exceptions). Ethanol causes smooth muscle spasms and increases the tone of the bile ducts. Also, in the absence of a gallbladder, the liver breaks down alcohol alone and its load increases. Systemic use of alcoholic beverages is dangerous, not only because of the recurrence of previous problems with the gallbladder, but also the development of cirrhosis of the liver.
- We ate deliciously. Every meal should be beautifully arranged: on a table covered with a tablecloth, with flowers, in a calm atmosphere. It is necessary to eat slowly and chew each piece carefully. This will allow you to get enough of a very moderate portion, which will have a beneficial effect on weight and provide minimal stress on the gastrointestinal tract.
Contraband
First, exclude foods high in cholesterol from your gallbladder removal diet. It is he that causes bile to thicken and stagnate and promote stone formation.
Second, the consumption of (refractory) fat in animals should be limited since most enzymes that break down fat are not present in the bile component after bladder removal.
You should also avoid products that enhance bile formation and secretion of gastric and duodenal juices (extracts, spicy dishes, marinades, etc. ). Avoid foods that stay in the intestines for a long time, cause putrefaction and fermentation, and stimulate gas production.
Simple carbohydrates also need to be restricted: they break down easily, raise levels of "bad" cholesterol, and deposit as a layer of fat.
The list of prohibited products includes:
- Bread, all pastries and fried dough products (pancakes, pancakes, pies, and cakes and pastries) made from high-quality flour;
- Cooking oil, margarine, lard Any:
- rich broths and soups (meat, fish, poultry);
- Fatty meat and poultry (goose, duck, pork, lamb), fatty meat;
- Fatty fish (mackerel, sturgeon, catfish, finless porpoise, salmon);
- canned meat and fish;
- all sausages;
- Liver (kidney, liver, brain);
- caviar;
- Bitter and sour vegetables (radish, radish, green onion, spinach, sorrel, white radish);
- fried eggs, egg yolks;
- marinades and pickles;
- bacon;
- Spices: pepper, mustard, horseradish, vinegar, coriander, etc. ;
- tart berries and fruits;
- ice cream, chocolate, cream products;
- Strong tea, coffee, cocoa, sweet carbonated drinks, mineral water;
- beans;
- Dishes from public food stores (pizza, hamburger).
Approved product
People undergoing cholecystectomy are advised to consume dishes that should not irritate and unnecessarily irritate the gastrointestinal tract.
Must be used when cooking foods rich in pectin and lipophilic substances. Lipophilic substances break down cholesterol, preventing its deposition on the walls of blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and accumulation in bile, which causes it to thicken. Pectin in turn gently coats the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, prevents the absorption of harmful substances, stimulates bowel movements and has a healing effect.
In addition, a large amount of plant fiber should be added to the clinical nutrition of patients after cholecystectomy. Not only does it contain vitamins, but it also stimulates bowel movements and prevents flatulence, constipation, and retention of food clumps.
We should not forget fermented dairy products, as they are a source of valuable animal protein and calcium, and contain live bacteria that are beneficial to the gut flora.
The list of allowed products includes:
- Yesterday's or dry bread, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits;
- Secondary broth soup, vegetable soup soup;
- Lean meats and poultry (turkey, chicken, veal, rabbit, beef);
- unsalted and low-fat varieties of ham;
- brittle and semi-sticky grains (buckwheat, oats);
- All seafood, as a source of iodine to neutralize cholesterol;
- Lean fish (barracuda, trout, salmon) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids;
- steam protein omelet;
- vegetable oil, butter in dishes;
- cottage cheese, kefir, curds, "live" yogurt, unsalted and low-fat cheeses;
- Fruits and berries (very sweet and sour in processed form: kisels, mousses, jellies, preserves);
- jam, jam, chalk;
- Fresh vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, squash, beets, zucchini, potatoes, carrots;
- Milk tea or lemon tea, weak coffee, mineral water, fruit juice and fruit juice drinks;
- Salted salmon, fish jelly, balsamic vinegar, soaked herring, fresh vegetable salad.
The necessity of dieting
Post-cholecystectomy dieting allows you to maintain the condition of your liver and bile secretion in an optimal mode, normalize the function of the entire digestive tract, and prevent the unpleasant moments that often occur after cholecystectomy, such as bloating, constipation, and a bitter mouth.
In addition, nutritional therapy after gallbladder removal prevents the development of atherosclerosis, improves the patient's appearance and stabilizes body weight.
Consequences of not following the diet
Postcholecystectomy syndrome does not last long if diet is not followed after gallbladder removal, a collective concept that includes exacerbation of previous gastrointestinal disease and emergence of new disease.
Furthermore, people who neglect their diet after surgery endanger not only their appearance (obesity, vitamin deficiencies), but also the health of other body systems.